TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 15
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 15
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 15
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 16
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 16
1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 17
1.4 LIMITATIONS 17
1.5 CURRENCY 17
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 17
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18
2.1 RESEARCH APPROACH 18
2.1.1 SECONDARY SOURCES 20
2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources 20
2.1.2 PRIMARY SOURCES 21
2.1.2.1 Breakdown of primaries 21
2.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources 22
2.1.2.3 Key industry insights 22
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 23
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 25
2.4 ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE STUDY 26
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 27
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 32
4.1 HEALTHCARE EDI: MARKET OVERVIEW 32
4.2 HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY DELIVERY MODE & BY END USER 33
4.3 HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET: GEOGRAPHIC SNAPSHOT 34
4.4 HEALTHCARE EDI: GEOGRAPHIC MIX 35
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 36
5.1 INTRODUCTION 37
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 37
5.2.1 KEY MARKET DRIVERS 38
5.2.1.1 Regulations for transaction processes 38
5.2.1.2 Rising need to curtail healthcare costs 38
5.2.1.3 Government support for HCIT 39
5.2.2 MARKET RESTRAINTS 40
5.2.2.1 Data security—a major concern for patients and EDI users 40
5.2.2.2 High implementation cost of EDI software 40
5.2.3 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 41
5.2.3.1 Increase in outsourcing of EDI services 41
5.2.3.2 Introduction of ICD-11 guidelines 41
5.2.4 MARKET CHALLENGES 42
5.2.4.1 Hesitancy to switch from conventional methods 42
5.2.4.2 End-user limitations and requirements 42
6 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 43
6.1 EVOLUTION OF EDI 43
6.2 HEALTHCARE EDI STANDARDS 44
6.2.1 ANSI X12 44
6.2.2 EDIFACT 44
6.2.3 OTHERS 44
6.3 HEALTHCARE EDI AND VALUE BASED CARE 46
6.4 INDUSTRY TRENDS 47
6.4.1 GROWING FOCUS ON INTEGRATION PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (IPAAS) 47
6.4.2 INCREASING USE OF EDI IN HEALTHCARE MANUFACTURING/ DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY 47
6.4.3 BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS AND COST CUTTING MEASURES ARE DRIVING EUROPEAN HOSPITALS TO ADOPT EDI SOLUTIONS IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE THEIR PROCUREMENT OPERATIONS AND IMPROVE EFFICIENCY 48
7 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY COMPONENT 49
7.1 INTRODUCTION 50
7.2 SERVICES 51
7.3 SOLUTIONS 52
8 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY DELIVERY MODE 54
8.1 INTRODUCTION 55
8.2 WEB & CLOUD-BASED EDI 56
8.3 EDI VAN 58
8.4 POINT-TO-POINT EDI 59
8.5 MOBILE EDI 60
9 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY TRANSACTION TYPE 61
9.1 INTRODUCTION 62
9.2 CLAIMS MANAGEMENT 63
9.2.1 CLAIMS SUBMISSION 65
9.2.2 CLAIM STATUS 67
9.2.3 ELIGIBILITY VERIFICATION 68
9.2.4 CLAIM PAYMENT 70
9.2.5 REFERRAL CERTIFICATION & AUTHORIZATION 71
9.2.6 PAYMENT REMITTANCE 73
9.2.7 OTHER EDI TRANSACTION 74
9.3 HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAIN 75
10 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY END USER 77
10.1 INTRODUCTION 78
10.2 HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS 79
10.3 HEALTHCARE PAYERS 81
10.4 MEDICAL DEVICE & PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES 82
10.5 PHARMACIES 84
11 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY REGION 86
11.1 INTRODUCTION 87
11.2 NORTH AMERICA 88
11.2.1 U.S. 93
11.2.2 CANADA 96
11.3 EUROPE 99
11.4 ASIA-PACIFIC 103
11.5 REST OF THE WORLD 106
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 109
12.1 VENDOR DIVE OVERVIEW 109
12.1.1 VANGUARDS 109
12.1.2 INNOVATORS 109
12.1.3 EMERGING 109
12.1.4 DYNAMIC 109
12.2 PRODUCT MATRIX: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET 111
12.3 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 113
12.3.1 ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT PORTFOLIO OF MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET (25 PLAYERS) 113
12.3.2 BUSINESS STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET (25 PLAYERS) 114
*Top 25 companies analysed for this study are – McKesson Corporation (U.S.), GE Healthcare (U.S.), Allscripts Healthcare Solutions Inc. (U.S.), and Cognizant Technology Corporation (U.S.), The SSI Group, LLC (U.S.), Comarch SA (Poland), Axway Software SA (France), Amosoft, LLC (U.S.), and ZirMed Inc. (U.S.), Experian PLC (Ireland), B2BGateway (U.S.), DiCentral Corporation (U.S.), EDICOM International (Spain), 123 EDI (U.S.), Esker SA (France), HealthAsyst Pvt. Ltd. (India), eBridge Connections (Canada), EDITEL Group (Austria), Plexis Healthcare Systems, Inc. (U.S.), Quality Systems Inc. (U.S.), Synnex Corporation (U.S.), and CovalentWorks, LP (U.S.), Cerner Corporation (U.S.), Optum Inc. (U.S.), and Dell Technologies Inc. (U.S.)
13 COMPANY PROFILES 115
(Overview, Products and Services, Financials, Strategy & Development)*
13.1 GE HEALTHCARE 115
13.2 MCKESSON CORPORATION 119
13.3 OPTUM, INC. (A SUBSIDIARY OF UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC.) 124
13.4 EXPERIAN PLC 127
13.5 CERNER CORPORATION 132
13.6 ALLSCRIPTS HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS, INC. 135
13.7 COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION 138
13.8 QUALITY SYSTEMS INC. 143
13.9 SYNNEX CORPORATION 147
13.10 DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC. 150
13.11 SSI GROUP LLC 153
13.12 ZIRMED INC. 157
*Details on Overview, Products and Services, Financials, Strategy & Development might not be Captured in case of Unlisted Companies.
14 APPENDIX 161
14.1 INSIGHTS OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS 161
14.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 162
14.3 KNOWLEDGE STORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 165
14.4 INTRODUCING RT: REAL-TIME MARKET INTELLIGENCE 167
14.5 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATIONS 169
14.6 RELATED REPORTS 170
14.7 AUTHOR DETAILS 171
TABLE 1 IMPACT ANALYSIS: MARKET DRIVERS 40
TABLE 2 IMPACT ANALYSIS: MARKET RESTRAINTS 40
TABLE 3 IMPACT ANALYSIS: MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 41
TABLE 4 IMPACT ANALYSIS: MARKET CHALLENGES 42
TABLE 5 HEALTHCARE EDI: MAJOR TRANSACTION TYPES 45
TABLE 6 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 50
TABLE 7 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI SERVICES MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 51
TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE EDI SERVICES MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 52
TABLE 9 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI SOLUTIONS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 53
TABLE 10 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE EDI SOLUTIONS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 53
TABLE 11 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 56
TABLE 12 GLOBAL WEB & CLOUD-BASED EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 57
TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICA WEB & CLOUD-BASED EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 57
TABLE 14 GLOBAL EDI VAN MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 58
TABLE 15 NORTH AMERICA EDI VAN MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 58
TABLE 16 GLOBAL POINT-TO-POINT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 59
TABLE 17 NORTH AMERICA POINT-TO-POINT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 59
TABLE 18 GLOBAL MOBILE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 60
TABLE 19 NORTH AMERICA MOBILE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 60
TABLE 20 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 62
TABLE 21 GLOBAL CLAIMS MANAGEMENT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 64
TABLE 22 CLAIMS MANAGEMENT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 64
TABLE 23 NORTH AMERICA CLAIMS MANAGEMENT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 65
TABLE 24 CLAIMS SUBMISSION EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 66
TABLE 25 NORTH AMERICA CLAIMS SUBMISSION EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 66
TABLE 26 GLOBAL CLAIM STATUS EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 67
TABLE 27 NORTH AMERICA CLAIM STATUS EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 68
TABLE 28 GLOBAL ELIGIBILITY VERIFICATION EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 69
TABLE 29 NORTH AMERICA ELIGIBILITY VERIFICATION EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 69
TABLE 30 GLOBAL CLAIM PAYMENT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 70
TABLE 31 NORTH AMERICA CLAIM PAYMENT EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 71
TABLE 32 GLOBAL REFERRAL CERTIFICATION & AUTHORIZATION EDI MARKET SIZE,
BY REGION, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 72
TABLE 33 NORTH AMERICA REFERRAL CERTIFICATION & AUTHORIZATION EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 72
TABLE 34 GLOBAL PAYMENT REMITTANCE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 73
TABLE 35 NORTH AMERICA PAYMENT REMITTANCE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 74
TABLE 36 GLOBAL OTHER EDI TRANSACTIONS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 74
TABLE 37 NORTH AMERICA OTHER EDI TRANSACTIONS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 75
TABLE 38 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAIN EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 76
TABLE 39 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAIN EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 76
TABLE 40 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER,
2015-2022 (USD MILLION) 79
TABLE 41 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS,
BY REGION, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 80
TABLE 42 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS, BY COUNTRY, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 80
TABLE 43 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR HEALTHCARE PAYERS, BY REGION, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 81
TABLE 44 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR HEALTHCARE PAYERS,
BY COUNTRY, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 82
TABLE 45 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR MEDICAL DEVICE & PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, BY REGION, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 83
TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR MEDICAL DEVICE & PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, BY COUNTRY, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 83
TABLE 47 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR PHARMACIES, BY REGION,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 84
TABLE 48 NORTH AMERICA HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE FOR PHARMACIES, BY COUNTRY, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 85
TABLE 49 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 88
TABLE 50 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS, BY COUNTRY 88
TABLE 51 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 90
TABLE 52 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 90
TABLE 53 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 54 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 55 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 56 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 57 U.S.: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 93
TABLE 58 U.S.: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 94
TABLE 59 U.S.: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 94
TABLE 60 U.S.: HEALTHCARE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 61 U.S.: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 62 CANADA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 96
TABLE 63 CANADA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 64 CANADA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 65 CANADA: HEALTHCARE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MARKET SIZE,
BY TYPE, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 66 CANADA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 67 EUROPE: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 68 EUROPE: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 69 EUROPE: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 70 EUROPE: HEALTHCARE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MARKET SIZE,
BY TYPE, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 71 EUROPE: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 72 APAC: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 73 APAC: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 74 APAC: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 75 APAC: HEALTHCARE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 76 APAC: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 77 ROW: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 78 ROW: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 79 ROW: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 80 ROW: HEALTHCARE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 81 ROW: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2015–2022 (USD MILLION) 108
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SEGMENTATION 16
FIGURE 2 RESEARCH DESIGN 19
FIGURE 3 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION,
AND REGION 21
FIGURE 4 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 23
FIGURE 5 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 24
FIGURE 6 DATA TRIANGULATION METHODOLOGY 25
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT,
2017 VS. 2022 (USD MILLION) 27
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY MODE,
2017 VS. 2022 (USD MILLION) 28
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SIZE, BY TRANSACTION TYPE,
2017 VS. 2022 (USD MILLION) 29
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET, BY END USER, 2017 VS. 2022 (USD MILLION) 30
FIGURE 11 GEOGRAPHIC SNAPSHOT OF GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET 31
FIGURE 13 WEB & CLOUD-BASED EDI COMMANDED THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET IN 2016 33
FIGURE 14 U.S. ACCOUNTED FOR THE LARGEST SHARE OF
THE HEALTCARE EDI MARKET IN 2016 34
FIGURE 16 HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES,
& CHALLENGES 37
FIGURE 17 HEALTHCARE EDI SPENDING ON CLAIMS-RELATED BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS 39
FIGURE 18 EVOLUTION OF HEALTHCARE EDI 43
FIGURE 19 VALUE BASED CARE THROUGH EFFICIENT DATA EXCHANGE 46
FIGURE 20 FOCUS ON EDI IN HEALTHCARE MANUFACTURING & DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY AND IPAAS ARE THE MAJOR TRENDS IN THE MARKET 47
FIGURE 21 SERVICES SEGMENT WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET IN 2022 50
FIGURE 22 WEB & CLOUD-BASED EDI SEGMENT TO DOMINATE THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET IN 2017 55
FIGURE 23 CLAIMS MANAGEMENT SEGMENT TO DOMINATE
THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET IN 2017 62
FIGURE 24 CLAIMS SUBMISSION SEGMENT TO DOMINATE THE CLAIMS MANAGEMENT MARKET IN 2017 63
FIGURE 25 HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS TO DOMINATE THE HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET IN 2017 78
FIGURE 26 HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET: GEOGRAPHIC SNAPSHOT 87
FIGURE 27 NORTH AMERICA: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SNAPSHOT 89
FIGURE 28 EUROPE: HEALTHCARE EDI MARKET SNAPSHOT 100
FIGURE 29 DIVE CHART 110
FIGURE 30 GE HEALTHCARE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 115
FIGURE 31 MCKESSON CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 119
FIGURE 32 OPTUM, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 124
FIGURE 33 EXPERIAN PLC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 127
FIGURE 34 CERNER CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 132
FIGURE 35 ALLSCRIPTS HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 135
FIGURE 36 COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION:
COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 138
FIGURE 37 QUALITY SYSTEMS INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 143
FIGURE 38 SYNNEX CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 147
FIGURE 39 DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2016) 150