TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 KEY TAKE-AWAYS
1.2 REPORT DESCRIPTION
1.3 MARKETS COVERED
1.4 STAKEHOLDERS
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.5.1 MARKET SIZE
1.5.2 KEY DATA POINTS FROM SECONDARY SOURCES
1.5.3 KEY DATA POINTS FROM PRIMARY SOURCES
1.5.4 ASSUMPTIONS MADE FOR THIS REPORT
1.5.5 LIST OF COMPANIES COVERED DURING THE REPORT
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3 MARKET OVERVIEW
3.1 MARKET DEFINITION
3.2 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION (VLC) CONCEPT
3.2.1 ROADMAP
3.3 MARKET DYNAMICS
3.3.1 DRIVERS
3.3.1.1 LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY
3.3.1.2 POWER-EFFICIENT
3.3.1.3 INCREASING GOVERNMENT FUNDING
3.3.1.4 ULTRA-FAST DATA TRANSFER
3.3.2 RESTRAINTS
3.3.2.1 HIGH INSTALLATION COST
3.3.2.2 LACK OF TECHNOLOGY AWARENESS
3.3.2.3 COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES
3.3.3 OPPORTUNITIES
3.3.3.1 GROWING LED INDUSTRY
3.3.3.2 PENETRATION OF VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
3.3.3.2.1 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND MACHINE-TO-MACHINE COMMUNICATION (M2M)
3.3.3.2.2 SMART CITY
3.3.3.2.3 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN)
3.4 BURNING ISSUE
3.4.1 NETWORK COVERAGE AND DEPENDENCY
3.5 WINNING IMPERATIVE
3.5.1 LARGE SCALE IMPLEMENTATION OF VLC
3.6 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
3.7 CASH COW FOR VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
3.8 TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE
3.9 PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL
3.9.1 DEGREE OF COMPETITION
3.9.2 BUYERS’ POWER
3.9.3 SUPPLIERS’ POWER
3.9.4 THREAT FROM SUBSTITUTES
3.9.5 THREAT FROM NEW ENTRANTS
3.10 RECENT ACTIVITIES IN VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET
3.10.1 LIFI CONSORTIUM
3.10.1.1 LI-FI OBJECTIVES
3.10.2 RONJA
3.10.2.1 RONJA DEVICE
3.10.3 D-LIGHT (DATA LIGHT) PROJECT
3.10.3.1 TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND
3.10.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
3.10.3.3 COMMERCIAL AND TECHNICAL FEATURES
3.10.3.4 APPLICATIONS
3.10.4 OMEGA EVENT
4 OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 LI-FI TECHNOLOGY
4.2.1 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION (VLC)
4.2.1.1 SOME OF THE VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION PROJECTS
4.2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE
4.3 FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO) CONCEPT
4.3.1 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
4.3.1.1 IRDA
4.3.1.2 RONJA
4.3.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE
5 GLOBAL FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET FORECAST
5.1 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF FSO
5.2 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET FORECAST, BY APPLICATIONS
5.2.1 FSO MARKET ENTERPRISE SEGMENT TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST CAGR OUT OF ALL APPLICATIONS
5.2.1.1 ENTERPRISE APPLICATION
5.2.1.1.1 ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY
5.2.1.1.1.1 CABLING COST CAN BE REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY AND SECURITY CAN ALSO BE INCREASED
5.2.1.1.2 HEALTH CARE
5.2.1.1.2.1 FSO IN HEALTHCARE TO INCREASE BY MORE THAN 10 TIMES IN THE NEXT 5 YEARS
5.2.1.1.3 ENGINEERING AND DESIGN SERVICES
5.2.1.1.4 SECURITY
5.2.1.1.4.1 EUROPE TO BE THE KEY GROWTH REGION FOR FSO SECURITY SEGMENT
5.2.1.2 NEXT GENERATION MOBILE CARRIER BACKHAUL
5.2.1.2.1 ALL THREE MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS TO REGISTER GROWTH RATES IN EXCESS OF 30%
5.2.1.3 MILITARY APPLICATIONS
5.2.1.3.1 DETECTION
5.2.1.3.2 INTERCEPTION
5.2.1.4 OTHER APPLICATIONS
5.2.1.4.1 REDUNDANT LINK AND DISASTER RECOVERY
5.2.1.4.2 STORAGE AREA NETWORK
5.2.1.4.3 LAST MILE ACCESS
5.2.1.4.4 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
5.3 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET FORECAST, BY GEOGRAPHY
5.3.1 NORTH AMERICA
5.3.1.1 ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS TO BE THE KEY GROWTH MARKET FOR FSO
5.3.2 EUROPE
5.3.2.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF SERVICE PROVIDERS, SUBSCRIBERS AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ARE THE MAIN MARKET DRIVERS
5.3.3 APAC
5.3.3.1 THE APAC REGION SHOWS THE ROBUST GROWTH IN THE FIELD OF ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY
5.3.4 ROW
6 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET, BY COMPONENT
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 LED
6.2.1 HISTORY
6.2.2 WORKING
6.2.3 LED LAMPS
6.2.3.1 WHITE LEDS
6.2.3.2 RGB LEDS
6.3 INFRARED EMITTERS
6.3.1 ALGAAS IR LED
6.3.2 GAAS LED
6.4 OPTO-COUPLERS
6.5 IMAGE SENSOR
6.5.1 DIFFERENT MODES IN PHOTO-DIODES
6.5.2 FEATURES OF IMAGE SENSOR VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
7 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET, BY APPLICATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (ITS)
7.2.1 ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
7.2.2 ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEM
7.2.2.1 VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS:
7.2.2.2 VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE (V2V) COMMUNICATIONS:
7.2.3 ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (APTS)
7.3 INDOOR NETWORKING
7.3.1 COMPARISON WITH EXISTING TECHNOLOGY
7.4 IN-FLIGHT ENTERTAINMENT
7.4.1 GROWING IFE HARDWARE EXPENSES
7.4.2 RECENT ACTIVITY
7.5 UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION
7.5.1 FLOW OF INFORMATION
7.6 MOBILE LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)
7.6.1 LOCATION BASED ADVERTISEMENT (LBA)
7.6.2 LOCATION BASED SHOPPING
7.6.3 LOCATION BASED SOCIAL NETWORKING
7.6.4 LOCATION BASED SEARCH
7.6.5 NAVIGATION
8 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 NORTH AMERICA
8.3 EUROPE
8.4 ASIA-PACIFIC
8.5 REST OF WORLD (ROW)
9 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.1 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS
9.2 KEY GROWTH STRATEGIES
9.2.1 MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
9.2.2 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH
9.2.3 COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP
10 COMPANY PROFILES
10.1 AOPTIX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10.2 AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES
10.3 BYTELIGHT
10.4 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
10.5 FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT
10.6 FSONA NETWORKS CORP.
10.7 LIFI CONSORTIUM
10.8 LIGHTPOINTE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
10.9 LSA, INC.
10. 10 LVX SYSTEM
10.11 MOSTCOM
10.12 NAKAGAWA LABORATORIES, INC.
10.13 NORTHERN HI-TEC LTD
10.14 OLEDCOMM – FRANCE LIFI
10.15 OMEGA PROJECT CONSORTIUM
10.16 OUTSTANDING TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
10.17 PANASONIC CORPORATION
10.18 PENGUIN AUTOMATED SYSTEMS INC.
10.19 PLAINTREE SYSTEMS INC
10.21 PUREVLC LTD
10.21 SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS LTD.
10.22 TAMURA CORPORATION
10.23 UBIQUITI NETWORKS, INC.
10.24 WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED
TABLE 1 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION / LI-FI AND FSO MARKET RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
TABLE 2 GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS
TABLE 3 MARKET ASSUMPTIONS
TABLE 4 COMPANIES COVERED IN THIS REPORT
TABLE 5 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 (MILLION)
TABLE 6 GLOBAL FSO MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 (MILLION)
TABLE 7 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION VS RF TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 8 FACTS RELATED TO ENERGY SAVING
TABLE 9 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO REPLACE THE INCANDESCENT LAMPS
TABLE 10 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION VS WI-FI TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 11 SYSTEMS TO GO SMARTER
TABLE 12 AVERAGE TRAFFIC PER DEVICE GROWTH
TABLE 13 FACTS RELATED TO MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC
TABLE 14 RONJA MODELS
TABLE 15 VLC BENEFITS
TABLE 16 D-LIGHT PROJECT APPLICATIONS
TABLE 17 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION PROJECTS
TABLE 18 IRDA STANDARDS
TABLE 19 FIBER OPTICS VS FSO
TABLE 20 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
TABLE 21 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATIONS, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 22 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 23 FREE SPACE OPTICS ENTERPRISE APPLICATION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 24 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 25 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN HEALTHCARE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 26 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN ENGINEERING AND DESIGN SERVICES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 27 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN SECURITY SERVICES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 28 FSO ADVANTAGES
TABLE 29 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN MOBILE CARRIER BACKHAUL, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 30 FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET IN MILITARY APPLICATIONS, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 31 NORTH AMERICA FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 32 EUROPE FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 33 APAC FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 34 ROW FREE SPACE OPTICS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 35 GLOBAL VLC MARKET, BY COMPONENTS, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 36 COMPARISON OF LEDS, INCANDESCENT AND FLUORESCENT LAMPS
TABLE 37 SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL FOR DIFFERENT LEDS
TABLE 38 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION LED COMPONENT MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 39 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION IR EMITTER MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 40 DIFFERENT OPTO-COUPLERS
TABLE 41 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION OPTO-COUPLER MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 42 MODES IN PHOTO-DIODES
TABLE 43 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION IMAGE SENSOR MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012-2018 ($ MILLION)
TABLE 44 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 45 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET REVENUE FROM ITS APPLICATION, BY CATEGORY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 46 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET REVENUE FROM ITS APPLICATION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 47 ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 48 ADVANCED TRAVELLER INFORMATION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 49 ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 50 VLC VS WI-FI
TABLE 51 VLC MARKET REVENUE FROM INDOOR NETWORKING SYSTEM, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 52 COMPARISON WITH ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 53 VLC MARKET REVENUE FROM IN-FLIGHT ENTERTAINMENT AND COMMUNICATION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 54 VLC MARKET IN UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 55 GLOBAL VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET REVENUE FROM LOCATION BASED SERVICES, BY APPLICATIONS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 56 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION MARKET REVENUE FROM LOCATION BASED SERVICES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 57 LOCATION BASED MOBILE ADVERTISEMENT MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 58 LOCATION BASED SHOPPING MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 59 LOCATION BASED SOCIAL NETWORKING MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 60 COMPARISON OF POSITION DETECTION WITH VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 61 LOCATION BASED SEARCH, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 62 NNAVIGATION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 63 NORTH AMERICA: VLC MARKET, BY APPLICATIONS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 64 NORTH AMERICA: VLC MARKET REVENUE, BY COMPONENTS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 65 EUROPE: VLC MARKET, BY APPLICATIONS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 66 EUROPE: VLC MARKET REVENUE, BY COMPONENTS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 67 APAC: VLC MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 68 APAC: VLC MARKET REVENUE, BY COMPONENTS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 69 ROW: VLC MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATION, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 70 ROW: VLC MARKET REVENUE, BY COMPONENTS, 2012 - 2018 ($MILLION)
TABLE 71 TOP PLAYERS IN VLC MARKET
TABLE 72 TOP PLAYERS IN FSO MARKET
TABLE 73 MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS, 2010 - 2012
TABLE 74 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH/DEVELOPMENT, 2010 - 2012
TABLE 75 PARTNERSHIPS/AGREEMENTS/STRATEGIC ALLIANCE/ COLLABORATION, 2010 - 2012
TABLE 76 AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES : OVERALL REVENUE, 2010 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 77 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.: MARKET REVENUE, 2011 - 2012 ($BILLION)
TABLE 78 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.: MARKET REVENUE, BY PRODUCT SEGMENTS, 2011 - 2012 ($BILLION)
TABLE 79 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.: MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2011 - 2012 ($BILLION)
TABLE 80 PANASONIC CORPORATION: MARKET REVENUE, 2010 - 2012 ($BILLION)
TABLE 81 PANASONIC CORPORATION: MARKET REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENTS, 2011 - 2012 ($BILLION)
TABLE 82 PANASONIC CORPORATION: REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHY, 2010 - 2012 ($BILLION)
TABLE 83 PLAINTREE SYSTEMS INC.: MARKET REVENUE, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 84 PLAINTREE SYSTEMS INC.: MARKET REVENUE, BY BUSINESS SEGMENT, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 85 PLAINTREE SYSTEMS INC.: MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 86 TAMURA CORPORATION: OVERALL REVENUE, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 87 TAMURA CORPORATION: MARKET REVENUE, BY PRODUCT SEGMENTS, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 88 TAMURA CORPORATION: MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 89 UBIQUITI NETWORKS, INC.: MARKET REVENUE, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 90 UBIQUITI NETWORKS, INC.: MARKET REVENUE, BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
TABLE 91 UBIQUITI NETWORKS, INC.: MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2011 - 2012 ($MILLION)
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
FIGURE 2 MARKET SEGMENTATION
FIGURE 3 VLC CHARACTERISTICS
FIGURE 4 OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION EVOLUTION
FIGURE 5 IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS
FIGURE 6 TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF LED
FIGURE 7 IMPACT ANALYSIS OF RESTRAINTS
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL LED REVENUE, 2010 - 2018 ($BILLION)
FIGURE 9 APPLICATIONS MAPPING OF VLC TECHNOLOGY
FIGURE 10 IOT ENVIRONMENT
FIGURE 11 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WSN
FIGURE 12 VLC PENETRATION IN FUTURE
FIGURE 13 INCREASING MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC
FIGURE 14 VLC APPLICATIONS LIFE CYCLE
FIGURE 15 PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL
FIGURE 16 RONJA DEVICE OUTLOOK
FIGURE 17 FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF VLC AND LI-FI
FIGURE 18 WORKING OF VLC/LI-FI TECHNOLOGY
FIGURE 19 DATA FLOW PROCESS
FIGURE 20 FSO COMMUNICATION NETWORK
FIGURE 21 FSO MARKET SEGMENTATION
FIGURE 22 FSO ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY
FIGURE 23 FSO: NETWORK FOR HEALTHCARE
FIGURE 24 EVOLUTION OF LED
FIGURE 25 DIODE WORKING PRINCIPLE
FIGURE 26 INDOOR LED APPLICATION IN VLC
FIGURE 27 OPTO-COUPLER WORKING PRINCIPLE
FIGURE 28 ARCHITECTURE OF ADVANCED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FIGURE 29 FLOW OF INFORMATION IN ADVANCED TRAVELLER INFORMATION SYSTEM
FIGURE 30 FLOW OF INFORMATION IN ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
FIGURE 31 GLOBAL IFE HARDWARE EXPENSES, 2012-2018 ($BILLION)
FIGURE 32 INFORMATION FLOW IN UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION
FIGURE 33 LBA ECOSYSTEM
FIGURE 34 PERCENTAGE SHARE OF VLC MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2013-2018
FIGURE 35 PANASONIC CORPORATION BUSINESS SEGMENTS